Which of the following are surface treatments to enhance osseointegration of implants?

The enhancement of osseointegration of dental implants is crucial for their stability and longevity. The correct option includes methods that significantly improve the surface characteristics of implants, which in turn can accelerate the biological processes that lead to osseointegration.

Plasma spraying, acid etching, and grit blasting are recognized surface treatments that effectively modify the surface topography and chemistry of implants. Plasma spraying involves applying a layer of material to the implant surface, creating a rough texture that promotes cellular attachment and growth. Acid etching removes micro-scale irregularities, increasing the surface area and enhancing the bonding between the implant and surrounding bone. Grit blasting creates a roughened surface profile, which can lead to improved mechanical interlocking with the bone.

These techniques are particularly advantageous as they not only improve the mechanical stability of the implant but also enhance biological responses through increased surface energy and roughness, facilitating a stronger bond with the bone.

In contrast, other options may include treatments that do not have the same recognized benefits for osseointegration. For instance, coating with resin might not provide the desired biological compatibility or surface characteristics necessary for effective osseointegration. Similarly, mechanical grinding and salting, while they may alter surfaces to some extent, do not have the same