Which component of amalgam reduces gamma 2 formation?

The component of amalgam that reduces gamma 2 formation is copper. In dental amalgam, gamma 2 phase refers to the brittle phase of tin-mercury compounds that can lead to corrosion and marginal breakdown of the restoration. The presence of copper in amalgam, particularly in high-copper formulations, helps to minimize the amount of gamma 2 phase produced during the setting reaction.

Copper reacts with the tin in the amalgam, leading to the formation of intermediate compounds that are more stable and reduce the formation of the less desirable gamma 2 phase. This results in improved mechanical strength and resistance to corrosion, making copper an essential additive in modern amalgam formulations.

Other components like silver mainly contribute to the strength and luster of the amalgam rather than specifically addressing gamma 2 formation. Gold is not a component of typical dental amalgam and serves as a different restorative material altogether. Zinc, while present in some amalgams to help reduce oxidation and improve handling, does not specifically target the reduction of gamma 2. Thus, the role of copper is vital in enhancing the overall performance and longevity of dental amalgam restorations.