Which anomaly results in complete cleavage of a single bud resulting in a supernumerary mirror image?

The anomaly that results in complete cleavage of a single bud, leading to the formation of a supernumerary mirror image, is twinning. In the context of dental and anatomical development, twinning refers to the process where a single tooth bud divides completely to produce two separate teeth that are identical in morphology and often appear as mirror images of each other.

This phenomenon typically occurs during the early stages of tooth development and can result in two teeth sharing the same root structure but being separated enough to be counted as individual teeth. Such occurrences are often seen in cases of dental supernumerary teeth, where one bud divides to form an additional tooth that resembles the original.

Understanding twinning is essential as it highlights the complexities of tooth development and the factors that can influence anatomical outcomes. The other options, while related to developmental abnormalities, do not result in the same mirroring effect nor the complete separation characteristic of twinning. Thus, twinning is the correct answer because it specifically describes the condition of a single bud fully cleaving into a pair of mirror image teeth.