What happens to the body during an episode of malignant hyperthermia?

During an episode of malignant hyperthermia, there is a drastic increase in muscle metabolism due to a genetic defect that affects how calcium is managed in muscle cells. This condition can be triggered by certain anesthetic agents, leading to uncontrolled release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle tissue. The heightened calcium levels result in increased muscle activity and, subsequently, a rapid rise in metabolic demand.

As metabolism escalates, there is an increase in heat production due to the heightened energy expenditure. This hypermetabolic state can lead to severe complications, such as hyperthermia, acidosis, and muscle rigidity. Understanding this mechanism is crucial for recognizing and treating malignant hyperthermia promptly to prevent serious outcomes.